The UK has a steroid problem it refuses to measure. We're here for the people it refuses to help.

Nobody knows how many men in the UK are using anabolic steroids. Nobody is giving them honest medical information about the risks or how to use them more safely. SteroidSafe exists to change both of those things.

Our mission

Understand the scale. Reduce the harm.

Understand the scale

There has never been a UK-wide study into steroid use. We are campaigning for that to change.

Reduce the harm

Honest, medically informed guidance for users, parents, and professionals — not broscience or scare campaigns.

The hidden epidemic

We do not know the true scale of this problem. That should alarm you.

There has never been a comprehensive, well-funded national study into anabolic steroid use among young men in the UK. The figures we have are fragmented, outdated, or extrapolated from small regional samples. We are making policy in the dark — and young men are paying the price.

~1 millionestimated UK steroid usersUK Anti-Doping, 2020

But even UKAD acknowledges this is likely a significant undercount.

6.2%of Welsh men reported steroid use2023 Welsh population survey

The only broad population-level survey conducted in the UK — and it was limited to Wales.

~250,000young men aged 16–24 estimated to be usingExtrapolation from Welsh survey data

Applying the Welsh rate to the UK's 3.8 million men aged 16–24. The real figure could be higher.

0national prevalence studies currently funded

No UK-wide study has been commissioned. We are relying on estimates, not evidence.

We may not know the full scale of use. But we can see the damage.

While prevalence data remains patchy, the health consequences are increasingly visible across the NHS, coroners' courts, and needle exchanges. The picture that emerges is alarming — and it is almost certainly an undercount.

higher risk of death for steroid usersJAMA, 2024 — Danish cohort of 545 AAS-positive men
+57%rise in heart attack deaths among under-55sJournal of the American Heart Association, 2026 — substance abuse identified as a key driver
+18%rise in CVD deaths among working-age adults (20–64) since 2019British Heart Foundation, 2025 — 420 deaths per week, the worst trend in a generation
80%of needle exchange clients are now steroid users in some servicesUp from less than 1% in the 1980s — a 600% increase in the past decade in some areas
1 in 5young men with low testosterone at GP clinics had it from prior steroid useWest Yorkshire primary care audit, cited in BJGP, 2024
+28%rise in male breast reduction surgery in a single yearBAAPS — gynecomastia now the 3rd most common cosmetic surgery for men in the UK
Estimated annual drug use — all ages (UK)Crime Survey for England & Wales + extrapolated steroid estimates0500k1M1.5M2M2.5M+2.4MCannabisTRACKED760kCocaineTRACKED430kMDMATRACKED240kKetamineTRACKED?~1M687k447kSteroidsNOT TRACKEDUKAD, 2020Delphi upperDelphi centralIncluded in Crime SurveyEstimated only — not systematically trackedSources: Crime Survey for England & Wales (ONS/Home Office); McVeigh et al. Delphi study (2022); UKAD (2020)
Estimated annual drug use — ages 16–24 (UK)Crime Survey for England & Wales + extrapolated steroid estimates0100k200k300k400k500k+~530kCannabisTRACKED~190kCocaineTRACKED~150kMDMATRACKED120kKetamineTRACKED?~250kto 380k+SteroidsNOT TRACKEDPotentially 2–3× higherthan ketamine useIncluded in Crime SurveyEstimated only — not systematically trackedSources: Crime Survey (2023/24); Welsh population survey (2023); Lib Dem Voice analysis (2026)
Steroid users as % of needle exchange clientsIndividual sourced data points — not a continuous dataset0%25%50%75%100%1980s<1%2012~66% new clients2014Up to 86%2020sUp to 80% overallMultiple sourcesWhitfield et al.Kimergard &McVeighSchartau, 2020;N. England dataDashed line is interpolated. Only labelled points are sourced data.

Cardiovascular damage

  • The HAARLEM study found measurable cardiac damage — left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced ejection fraction — after just one 16-week steroid cycle.
  • Premature CVD deaths (under 75) in the UK hit 39,000 in 2022 — the highest since 2008. Heart failure diagnoses rose 21% to 785,000 by 2025.
  • A European study found severe heart muscle disease in both current and former long-term steroid users — the damage persists after stopping.
  • None of this is tracked by the NHS as steroid-related. There is no hospital admission code linking AAS use to cardiovascular events.

Hormonal, fertility & liver harm

  • 80% of UK endocrinologists have recently treated steroid-induced hypogonadism — but only 20% feel confident doing so. 84% tell patients to simply wait.
  • Up to 40% of men on exogenous testosterone develop azoospermia (zero sperm count). 7% of men seeking fertility help are on testosterone therapy.
  • Oral steroids are documented hepatotoxins. Liver disease deaths in the UK have risen 4-fold over 50 years. 11% of deaths occur in the 25–44 age group.
  • 1 in 10 steroid injectors surveyed in the UK had exposure to HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. 42% reported injection site complications.

Young men are dying — and we are not counting them

There is no routine UK system for tracking steroid-related deaths. The ONS drug-related death statistics do not separately report anabolic steroids. What we have instead are individual inquests: a 32-year-old in Dagenham found dead on Christmas Eve 2024, with the coroner citing steroid use as a likely factor. A 34-year-old in Sheffield whose body had “struggled to cope with prolonged steroid use.” A 37-year-old former Mr England runner-up, whose coroner urged the bodybuilding world to recognise the risks. A Danish study tracking steroid-positive men found they were three times more likely to die during follow-up. A Swedish study found mortality 18 times higher than expected. These are not isolated cases — they are the visible fraction of a problem nobody is systematically measuring.

Why the numbers we have are not good enough

Steroids are excluded from the Crime Survey

The Crime Survey for England and Wales — the main tool for tracking drug use in the UK — does not ask about anabolic steroids. We count ketamine users (120,000 annually among 16–24s). We do not count steroid users, despite likely use being two to three times higher.

One regional survey is all we have

The 2023 Welsh study remains the only broad population-level survey of steroid use in the UK. It found 6.2% prevalence among men, with a mean age of 33. There is no equivalent data for England, Scotland, or Northern Ireland.

Online indicators suggest rapid growth

UK Google searches for “looksmax” have increased 300% since 2023. Steroid-related searches are up 30% over the same period. There are 10.3 million TikTok videos featuring Trenbolone and over 500,000 tagged “looksmax.” The demand for this content — overwhelmingly from young men — is accelerating.

Young users are invisible to the system

Steroid users rarely present to drug services. GPs are not trained to ask. Needle exchange data captures only a fraction of users. The 500,000 young male NEETs — disengaged from education, employment and services — are the hardest to reach and potentially the most at risk.

Need to talk to someone right now?

If you're in crisis, experiencing severe side effects, or worried about your mental health — you don't have to figure this out alone. These services are free, confidential, and available now.

Samaritans:116 123(24/7, free)
FRANK:0300 123 6600(drugs helpline)
NHS:111(non-emergency)